Draw a Lewis Diagram for Ch3ch2ch2oh

Lewis structure, Hybridization, and Molecular Geometry of CH3OH

What is CH3OH?

CH3OH is a chemic chemical compound with the formula C H3-OH. It consists of 1 carbon atom, iii hydrogen atoms, and 1 hydroxyl group (OH). The proper noun of this chemical is derived from the mutual name of the alkyl grouping. CH3OH has alkyl group methyl (CH3OH). Thus, its name is methyl alcohol or methanol. The general proper noun for CH3OH is wood alcohol.

Methyl alcohol has feature properties. It is a lite, volatile, and colorless compound. It is combustible and has a distinctive odour. Information technology is besides poisonous to humans. Ingesting 10ml of methanol can make yous permanently blind.

Information technology is used equally a fuel and an antifreeze, in the production of hydrocarbons and solvents, and the synthesis of some other compounds such as formaldehyde.

To understand how CH3OH. is formed, you must know how you can draw the Lewis structure and find out the molecular geometry. You must also know how to calculate the hybridization land of the molecule.

Lewis structure CH3OH

A Lewis structure or an electron dot structure is a simple representation of the bonding between molecules and ions. It is shown in terms of the shared pair of electrons. The Lewis structure of a chemical compound assists in visualizing the valence electrons, and whether they exist every bit lone pairs or in bonds.

A Lewis construction is fatigued with the aid of the octet rule.

The octet dominion says that an atom is the near stable when it has eight electrons in its outermost beat out. Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Halogens tend to follow this rule. When aiming to achieve the octet rule, brand certain that the atom has 8 electrons in its outermost shell.

The end goal of making a Lewis construction is to identify the solitary pairs of electrons and to assist decide how those electrons would exist bonded.

The commencement pace is — you lot demand to calculate the number of valence electrons in the molecule.

Usually, many students confuse between valence electrons and valency. Hither's the difference.

The number of valence electrons in an atom is the number of electrons in its outermost beat out.

On the other hand, the valency of an chemical element is the number of electrons it needs to lose, or gain, to become stable. For example, O has 6 electrons in its outermost trounce. Thus its valency is 2. The oxygen cantlet has to bond with 2 electrons to become stable.

Let'due south observe the number of valence electrons for CH3OH.

In CH3, the C atom has 4 valence electrons because it has 4 electrons in its outermost vanquish. H each has a 1 valence electron.

CH3 has 4 + ane*3=7 valence electrons.

In the OH group, the O atom has 6 valence electrons. H again has one valence electron.

OH has a total of half dozen+1 = 7 valence electrons.

The full number of valence electrons in CH3OH is 7+7=14

Let's see how we make it at the Lewis construction of CH3OH.

Fig 1. Lone pairs and bonds

Fig 1 shows united states of america how the bonding of CH3OH is washed.

If you remember C has a valency of four. As per the octet rule, four valence electrons of C demand four other electrons to class pairs. Three of these come from hydrogen atoms. The other electron comes from oxygen, bonding the C atom with O.

Therefore C now has viii electrons in its outermost shell.

The oxygen cantlet on the other hand also achieves the octet rule, although not in the same manner.

Ane electron from Oxygen bonds with one electron C, i electron bonds with one electron hydrogen, making two pairs of electrons. Still, iv electrons are left in the valence vanquish of Oxygen. These electrons come together to form solitary pairs.

At present, oxygen has achieved the octet rule. The two pairs of bonds (with C and H) and the two pairs of lone pairs together provide 8 electrons in Oxygen's outermost shell.

Fig 2. Lewis structure CH3OH.

The Lewis structure of CH3OH depicts how valence electrons have come together to form the chemical.

There are fourteen electrons depicted in Fig 2 which help Oxygen and Carbon achieve the octet dominion, and thus completing the Lewis construction and diagram.

CH3OH Molecular Geometry

The molecular geometry of a compound is the iii-D representation of the atoms in the molecule. Information technology also depicts the shape and bonds in the molecule.

Below is the molecular geometry of CH3OH.

CH3OH molecular geometry (Source: Pubchem)

The grey atom is a carbon atom. The carmine ane is oxygen. The white atoms are hydrogen.

The molecular geometry of CH3OH is dissimilar than expected.

Can you lot guess why? Find out in the paragraph below.

Before that, let's observe the hybridization state of CH3OH.

CH3OH Hybridization

The hybridization land of a molecule is usually calculated by calculating its steric number.

The steric number of an atom is equal to the number of sigma bonds information technology has plus the number of alone pairs on the atom. There are exceptions where calculating the steric number does not give the actual hybridization state. That is non the instance here.

To know the kind of hybridization CH3OH has, take a look at the construction of CH3OH.

Notice here that the C cantlet has four sigma bonds. We can also say that C has iv attached atoms (three Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen). Thus, there is a total of iv sigma bonds.

The steric number of C here turns out to exist 4 = four sigma bonds + 0 lone pairs.

Since C has the steric number 4, nosotros can conclude CH3OH has sp3 hybridization.

Another fashion of arriving at the hybridization would exist to wait at the electronic configuration of the carbon atom in CH3OH.

C has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2

In its electron configuration, the C atom has 2 electrons in s and ane electron each in 2px and 2pz orbitals.

According to Hund'due south rule, each orbital in a beat out or subshell must be start occupied by 1 electron before beingness occupied with two. In uncomplicated words, all the orbitals must first be filled with 1 electron before whatsoever orbital is filled with two electrons.

Hund's rule states — the ground country of an cantlet or the state with the lowest energy electron configuration is the state with the highest number of parallel electron spins.

Following Hund's rule, 1 electron from 2s goes to the 2pz

This is the everyman electron energy configuration of the carbon atom, the ground state.

The hybridization state of CH3OH is sp3.

Sp3 hybridization should form a tetrahedral shape, but in this case, the shape varies.

Let's figure out why that is.

CH3OH Shape

CH3OH has two geometric centers, one is the carbon atom and the other is oxygen.

CH3OH has sp3 hybridization, therefore information technology should depict a tetrahedral shape.

Merely CH3OH depicts both tetrahedral and bent tetrahedral shape instead of tetrahedral throughout.

There is one reason for that — the presence of lonely pairs on the Oxygen atom.

These two lone pairs on the O atom cause repulsion within the CH3OH molecule. Thus instead of tetrahedral, CH3OH forms also forms a bent shape.

Effectually the Carbon cantlet, it shows a tetrahedral geometry with 3 hydrogen bonds and 1 hydroxyl bail.

On the other hand, effectually the O atom, it shows a bent tetrahedral geometry with 1 carbon bail, ane hydrogen bond, and two alone pairs.

Conclusion

CH3OH is an easier structure for you to sympathise. You must commencement working only before yous go for further complex compounds.

Y'all can articulate your concepts on Lewis structure, hybridization, and molecular geometry by practicing it on paper. Scroll back up. Read information technology again, and again.

As an exercise, try drawing the Lewis construction of CH3OH yourself. Attempt to discover out the hybridization state without referencing. Attempt to reason why the molecular geometry of CH3OH has 2 geometric centers!

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Source: https://dipeshmalhotra.medium.com/lewis-structure-hybridization-and-molecular-geometry-of-ch3oh-fbe6d75f11d0